The New normal? The Use of Masks in the Covid-19 Pandemic

Abstract

Although the use of masks is a centenary practice, the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 raised several doubts about its indication, regarding the material of which they are made and their effectiveness. Faced with a new respiratory virus, its adoption has emerged as a potential tool to prevent further damage. A narrative review regarding publications related to the use of masks in the Covid-19 pandemic was prepared. Evidence points to N95 and surgical masks, respectively, as the most effective for protection. Several disinfection techniques for reuse are proposed, with UVC irradiation, vaporization, and the use of H₂O₂ being the most documented. From a population point of view, mathematical models demonstrate the decrease in the number of sick individuals due to the wide adoption of masks, including those made at home. It is important to note that the use of masks does not provide complete protection, requiring the adoption of other measures, such as hand hygiene, respiratory etiquette, and physical distance. Being attentive during the placement, removal and washing of the material must also be observed, being indicated by ANVISA soaking in bleach for 20 to 30 minutes. Furthermore, the extent of the disease's involvement, encompassing all ages and social groups, requires the observation of particularities inherent to special populations, including behavioral, cultural, and social aspects. More studies with a high degree of evidence are needed to ratify the most appropriate processes and measures regarding the use of masks.